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I'm having trouble figuring out what time frames are best to trade these two currency pairs in:
GBP/JPY and GBP/USD
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This is up to you what sort of trader do you want to be. Long, medium, or short term.
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What I don't understand is which currency pairs would be affected when the respective market times are open. On the image I'm going to provide at the bottom I have 4 different time frames.
My guess that the diagram there only accounts for GBP (London) USD (New York) JPY (Toyko) AUS (Sydney). Thus it is an incomplete diagram. And in actuality there are many more colored bars to be accounted for. Meaning that for every currency there is an open and close time. (Question in statement)
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The three major market centers for Forex are Asia (Tokyo), Europe (London) and North America (New York).
The Asian market opens at 1:00am GMT (although New Zealand and Australia open about 1 hour earlier). At 7:00am GMT, the European market opens. London, the most active center for forex, opens at 8:00am GMT. Finally at 1:00pm GMT, the North American market becomes active.
The most liquidity and turnover occurs when London and New York overlap, which occurs between 1:00pm and 5:00pm GMT. The least liquid period occurs when London finishes and before Asia opens.
All currencies are available to be traded at all times
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How does the Movement of the Market create those candle patterns? ex. Does one currency go up while the other goes down to create a spinning top?
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Take a look at this webpage for candlestick explanation as it is a very
involved yet rewarding subject.
Introduction to Candlesticks - StockCharts.com