Great Topic & Discussion…so I thought I’d add my 2 cents (or more)
For what it’s worth, I do think S&D should be understood at least at the broad level, whether you are newbie or not. In this spirit, I’d like to offer a few opinions to the other comments posted here, some I agree with…but in all, I do respect varying views & opinions.
In the context of trading, I have a slightly different take on the following opinions re: supply & demand :
“…probably the most important knowledge that all professionals use… “
>> not for trading
“economics basics : incorrect to say that price is not dictated by supply and demand…what do you think dictates price in a market”
>> I disagree from a practical tradable perspective even though from a semantic perspective this is correct…ie. this comment as i understand this within the context of this discussion on this forum is not directly applicable to markets and more importantly I don’t believe there is any research quantifying an edge with this approach from an intraday or shorter term trading perspective
“Ask Goldman Sachs if they use any supply and demand as their main tool”
>> well they don’t in terms of the degree of magnitude of their shorter term trading volume
However, before I go further to explain the details above, I am a true believer in verifiable results no matter what approach you use. I’m not trying to bash any concept or approach as if you have a winning approach, then continue to use it and that’s fantastic, please contact me and I will invite you to speak or write. But if you are not in this camp, at the end of the day, it doesn’t really matter if you agree with my views or others, or even which method you use – the proof is if you can provide consistent results (even if initially it’s through back tests, paper money and eventually real money) that can be quantified.
(Without going into this topic in to too much detail, but if there is a holy grail in trading, I imagine it may be related to a process where you are able to leverage a model with a proven quantifiable positive expectation that can be consistently executed upon (by you), the ability to recognize the type of market environment that favors your approach and your quick ability to admit when wrong and knowing how to revise your game plan. This sound like a mouthful and to others may sound obvious, but this actually goes a lot deeper than I can post here…but is essentially why most people can’t profit over time even if I tell you what institutional funds are doing or share a secret or 2 of hedge funds.)
In any case, from an intraday or even swing trading perspective and more importantly from a practical perspective (at least in my opinion), the basic economic law of supply & demand doesn’t really directly apply to forex, futures, securities or any market traded instrument. Before I continue, I am not bashing the basic laws of supply/demand or any trading methodology, nor am I saying that prices won’t increase if demand increases, but would like to impart 4 main points :
- While I agree on a semantic level that more demand will effect prices, from a tradable idea perspective, I find it more useful to think of it as an auction process as that’s what it really is. \
In short, a few simple distinctions between the market vs basic supply & demand
Shorter term market prices are driven by an auction mechanism in a stock, forex, or other market and corresponding behavior to an auction will influence pricing, not the amount of supply or demand in the market. At least this is the common view we took when we advised and worked with a number of global exchanges and financial institutions on this topic
Eg. Demand may not necessarily rise as prices fall, but conversely, studies have shown that as prices rise demand does typically rise to a point fueling each other irrespective even if supply could increase or diminish. Ie. there’s a skew…think of e-bay…when prices rise, people want to buy it…and even if prices continue to rise, by the time you can produce more product, the auctioning euphoria is gone.
This is more from a technical perspective, but supply is technically fixed during a trading day (ie. a company, or country isn’t going to float more shares / pairs and just dump it into the market
Why should you care about the difference ? In my view confusing concepts will likely lead to the inappropriate use of techniques which will be detrimental to your bank account. In particular, I am unaware of any studies that can quantify this approach with a positive expectation over time in trading (ie. it has a true advantage or just another approach where some people are more successful using it while others not whether the rules are highly discretionary or the model simply doesn’t work over time).
What you should care about? In my view, price discovery is highly influenced by the nature of a particular type of demand (ie. not just general supply & demand, not just institutional with some limit orders that happen to be around support & resistance areas, but consistent institutional demand…eg. large blocks being traded in a consistent fashion or a number of huge limit orders in different zones with follow on program activity).
However, based on academic studies there has been some evidence showing correlation to likely presence of institutional limit orders to supply & resistance lines, which in my view are in the same vicinity as the supply/demand trade zones. However, if I remember the research correctly, there is only a 30% probability that you can (1) correlate s/r or s/d with these institutional limit orders AND predict (2) directional bias. Basically, this means that s/d may be good to indicate potential areas of attraction and tipping points…not necessarily range bound or event trending trade setups that you can profit from on a consistent basis. However, you can combine this technique with other researched techniques to provide higher probabilities. (perhaps to be written in a future blog)
Thus, not without even going into the academic argument if whether forex trading is a ‘closed’ system (which the basic economic s/d law relates to), I would like those reading this to consider that it may be more useful to look at trading as an auction process, as the auction mechanism and behavior is what dictates the price…not the basic supply & demand model (from tradable shorter term perspective).
- What dictates price in the market ? from a longer term perspective, I agree that fundamentals definitely do such as supply & demand as well as other factors. Also from a purely semantic perspective, you could simplify and say that due to buying demand, the price ticks up, but as mentioned above, I don’t think this comment by itself is practical or tradable. However, from a shorter term trading perspective, what’s important to know (at least in my view) is that prices fluctuate due tofear, greed, difference of opinions or even algorithmic balancing
In my view, supply & demand isn’t as important as the nature and degree of demand. Ie. what I care most about is what the institutions or smart money is doing. Eg. what if from 10am to 11am price is ticking up because overall demand in the market is strong…but let’s say hypothetically I knew these trades were more from amateurs, public traders, but at 11am large institutions would be stepping in. I personally wouldn’t care what was happening at 10am, but more interested what happened after 11am…and more specifically ideally distinguishing at 11am when pros vs amateurs were on opposing sides…and jumping on wave created by the pros.
How is this practical/tradable ? Well perhaps I’ll write about this on my blog in the future.
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Ask Goldman … ok … so I asked and the answer is no, Most of Goldman’s intra day and swing trading volume and other institutions like them use High Frequency Quant Trading models which in fact combined attributes to more than 60% of the entire market daily activity. These models are largely independent of looking at supply & demand but more statistical in nature (eg. looking at market maker price inconsistencies vs liquidity, reversion to the mean type of plays, etc.).
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While I do agree that for longer term trades (which I categorize more as investments which I think is outside the objective of most people in this forum) S/D definitely has more impact, supply & demand is in fact dynamic (ie. fluctuates during time over the trading day)…so if you want to use the supply & demand approach (which I actually do in part but not really in the way that I think that was originally intended above) wouldn’t it be better to NOT look at simple supply & demand or the zones…but more importantly price action during those zones…ie. specifically looking for when institutional demand programs is consistently picking up or unloading positions? So I almost definitely agree with the following statement, but just need to do emphasize the bolded : “the ONLY correct price range to ever buy anything for profit, is just before or within a consistent institutional demand level or zones”
In summary, while the basic laws of supply & demand helps drive longer term prices, from a trading perspective I believe it is more useful to think of price auctions and tipping points where institutional limit orders are likely to reside.
Whatever idea you use (whether it’s the zones, a trade alert or even if you were mirroring my trade entries & exits, I caution about any of its usage unless you can quantify there is an edge over time and more importantly if you know how to execute on this consistently (which is beyond just entries or exits or targeting 3 to 1 risk reward.
I’m sorry if I’m writing a it too much here, but this is the reason why I believe most traders aren’t successful as I believe many focus way too much on simple entries, even more on new flashing indicators, or even exits…they only have part of the solution,and like a table, if it doesn’t have more than 1 leg, it won’t stand.
So what technique would I suggest for newbies to look at ? I suggest the first thing to understand is how to read the chart and price actions without any indicators. Read the Dow Theory & Wyckoff principles as starters. In terms of specific indicators, I’ve studied many of them, but I actually don’t use any as a primary way to trade as I’ve never seen any combinations or research that could provide consistent results without wild swings in account equity. There are exceptions from a longer term investment perspective…but for intraday to swing trading, I would likely pick what most funds use – variations of simple channel & median lines. In particular, I suggest looking at median lines as from a trading perspective, it’s the rare tool that I know that has been statistically shown to have an 80% probability for prices to revert to median line…however, the issue is that the lines are drawn subjectively. There’s a simple technique to follow to improve this subjectivity, but perhaps a future blog.
Anyhow, I’m not trying to be evasive, but I predominantly use statistical models and may use a moving average or median line or linear regression line or median line to remind me of likely bias in trend.
I suggest looking at one single approach where you have clearly identified a full system : which markets, what times, what positions, what entries, exits, what you will do if you are wrong and what you will do in all conceivable situations.
Once you right these rules (1) if it’s complicated, it won’t work as it is likely overly optimized (2) focus on approaches that have proven results over time (eg. while there are a few, I am not aware of many studies that you can use indicators to trade off of with a quantifiable edge over time). (3) test your results with historical data, but don’t test the data within the last 2 or 3 years. (4) Once you think you’ve got a system and you are sure, try paper trading with real live data…it it looks like it works for 1 month without changes, then you got a system.
Why don’t use the last 2 years ? Well likely when you are trading for that 1 month, you will tweak your system…continue to tweak your system until it works for 1 month…where after, test it on the last 2 years without changes. This is your forward testing and should give you confidence in your model.
Hope this is of some interest to some of you and sorry for the length and any rambling.
Happy Trading…Just another Trader ‘Joe’ who likes to drink Joe (coffee) when trading