To me it looks like you are getting two schools of thoughts about who profits from your loosing trades.
Personally my opinion is you don’t need to be concerned about who profits from your loosing trades or even if anyone profits from your loosing trades.
As for my understanding on a broker’s business the way they profit is through charging commission and or altering the raw spread. If the broker chooses to help assist with liquidity for your trade the risk free way they would do it is to take an each way bet by hedging.
My personal opinion is that your broker just facilitates your connection to the web of the spot market.
But ultimately you don’t really need to worry about who (if anyone) profits from your loosing trades.