CPI vs. PCE: Which Inflation Measure Matters More for Traders?
Next week, the Core PCE Price Index is set to be released, and it could be a major mover for the forex market. Since it’s the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, traders will be watching closely for any signs that could influence interest rate expectations.
Inflation is one of the biggest drivers of market movements, and as traders, we constantly watch for key economic indicators to gauge where the market is headed. Two of the most important inflation reports in the U.S. are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index. While both measure inflation, they are calculated differently and can sometimes send different signals.
What’s the Difference?
CPI is the more well-known of the two and is reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). It tracks the out-of-pocket spending of urban consumers on a fixed basket of goods and services, including housing, food, energy, and healthcare. The data comes from surveys and price checks across businesses, making it a direct reflection of consumer expenses.
PCE, on the other hand, is published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and covers a broader range of spending, including expenses paid by businesses and the government, such as employer-sponsored healthcare. It also adjusts for changes in consumer behavior, meaning it accounts for people switching to cheaper alternatives when prices rise, something CPI does not fully capture.
Why Does This Matter for Traders?
The Federal Reserve relies more on PCE when making monetary policy decisions because it is considered a more comprehensive and stable measure of inflation. This means that while CPI releases can cause short-term market volatility, PCE has a stronger influence on long-term Fed policy and interest rate decisions.
If CPI or PCE comes in higher than expected, it signals persistent inflation, which could lead to higher interest rates, strengthening the USD but pressuring stocks and gold.
If inflation is lower than expected, it increases the chances of rate cuts, which could weaken the USD and boost equities and commodities.
How Should Traders Use This Information?
While both CPI and PCE are important, it’s useful to keep an eye on how the Fed reacts to PCE trends rather than just trading the immediate CPI release. Understanding the differences between the two can help in anticipating market moves more effectively.
With Core PCE coming up next week, what are your expectations? Will it shift Fed rate cut projections? Let’s discuss.