Hi Dale,
Thank you for your kind words.
[I]So what are the causes of the current financial meltdown? [/I]
It�s not the subprime mortgages. They�re not inherently evil or the problem. It is the way that leverage was applied to these mortgage securities and the way the Bush Regime allowed them to be packaged in bundles and then stripped and resold and rehypothecated or leveraged to the point that all transparency was lost.
[I]
So what does transparency mean?[/I]
In the world of bundled mortgage securities, a loss of transparency means that nobody actually knows who the originator of the loans is anymore.
[I]And what contributed to this so-called Global Financial Crisis?[/I]
The repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act was something that Republicans long wanted, and it blurred the lines between commercial and investment banks. It allowed commercial banks to get into the securities business and to do leveraged transactions in a way they could not do before.
Furthermore the Bush Regime�s refusal to enforce laws that were passed in 1999 under the old Clintonian Regime, after the Long Term Capital Debacle, limited the issuance of derivatives to what are called single product cycle markets and also limited the amount of leverage that financial institutions could use in issuing and trading these securities.
[B]That�s what allowed leverage to expand so much.[/B]
Also capital requirements were waived, but the other big problem was allowing naked short positions. This created a whole new market for derivatives which hadn�t existed before. Derivatives had always been an institutional product which was kept within the �financial community.�
After all, a derivative product was simply an insurance policy and a hedge against risk. It was never meant to constitute a traded market with securities unto its own. Yet that�s what it became. Derivatives then developed into a massive CDS (Credit Default Swap) market, which hadn�t existed before.
Suddenly people who did not own securities and didn�t need any Credit Default Swaps started trading them as if they were a tradable instrument, or essentially a commodity. It had nothing to do with what they were actually meant to do, which was to insure a financial product.
All the wire houses like Goldman Sachs, Morgan, Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, etc. developed this market which hadn�t existed before. They saw an opportunity to create new markets and earn new trading revenues which hadn�t existed before by trading something which very few could effectively use.
[I]How did this market crash and burn then? [/I]
Credit Default Swaps, which were being used by everybody from Citibank to AIG because Glass-Steagall was out of the way, became not the exclusive domain of insurance underwriters like AIG, but were used by all of the �financial complex� in both investment and commercial banks. That�s what sunk Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. Why? Because they wrote them willy-nilly without any regard to what the actual underlying risk was.
AIG abandoned all �prudent man� principles and just wrote any type of risk contract for anybody who was willing to pay a premium � and they didn�t charge enough for these. They underestimated the risk. This was done simply so the contract could be written and traded. And what was the fee generated? At AIG the Credit Default Swaps which had a 70% likelihood of default were written on a 1% capital fee. That�s why $170 Billion in taxpayer money has been funneled through AIG, since AIG has now become only a funnel for US taxpayer money.
In other words, US taxpayer money goes in through the top of the funnel and then it runs through the bowels of AIG. It is then paid out to defaulted counter-parties or obligatees on the other end.
[I]So what would have happened if those trillions hadn�t been funneled through AIG?[/I]
If they had been written on a rational basis, the subsequent asset class bubble that developed from 2003 to 2007 would never have developed. The bubble in property, equity and commodity prices that occurred in that 4 year period would not have occurred without the ability to insure risk at artificially cheap prices.
[B][I]Why is this been done?[/I] [/B]
Because if the US government allows AIG counterparty obligations to go into default, then another Bear Stearns, another Lehman Brothers and another and another will be created.
Then markets will become absolutely illiquid as they were in March and September 2008 when Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers collapsed.
[I]And why did they collapse?[/I]
[B]Because Lehman Brothers couldn�t meet its counterparty obligations. These instruments which were being traded suddenly had no market because they weren�t worth anything. Or the value of them was certainly unknown.[/B]
The reflation trade is based on the premise that if governments globally flood the marketplaces with money and with interest rates falling ([B]central banks purposefully adopting what they call �quantitative easing in order for long term interest rates to fall[/B]) so much liquidity is going to create demand.
[U][B]In order for reflation to work, consumption has to increase.[/B][/U]
Flooding economic systems with money is no good unless you�ve increased the availability of that money to those who want to borrow it, both business and industry and the people who then use the money to create consumption.
In conclusion, reflation is a bet and nobody knows how it will turn out…
Rgds,
cas